Best 100 Optimism Podcasts

Here is our list of top Optimism podcasts you can listen to or contact them for your outreach campaign. Find hosts, booking agents and producers info for each podcast for collaboration.

1. Happiness Spells

Happiness Spells
Play

The Happiness Spells Podcast is a five-minute list of all the greatest pleasures and smallest joys in life.

Host

Amanda Meyncke

Producer/Network

Happiness Spells

Email

****@gmail.com

Rating

4.8/5

Reviews

355

Episodes

241

3. ?????? ???? // Not bad things

?????? ???? // Not bad things
Play

??????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ? ???? ?? ?????????? ? ???????? ???????? ? ?????????? ?????: ????????,

Producer/Network

?????? ???? // Not bad things

Episodes

20

4. The Good News Podcast

The Good News Podcast
Play

The Good News Podcast is your thrice weekly reminder that not all news is bad.

Host

Neil Jacobsen

Producer/Network

The Good News Podcast

Email

****@thegoodnewspodcast.fm

Rating

4.8/5

Reviews

468

Episodes

877

5. Aging GreatFULLy with Holley Kelley

Aging GreatFULLy with Holley Kelley
Play

Aging GreatFULLy will inspire unbridled life enthusiasm while broadening your thoughts about growing older.

Host

Holley Kelley

Producer/Network

Holley Kelley

Email

****@gmail.com

Rating

4.9/5

Reviews

63

Episodes

361

6. Positive University Podcast

Positive University Podcast
Play

During each episode Jon and his guest share tips and strategies to stay positive, overcome challenges and

Producer/Network

Jon Gordon

Email

****@jongordon.com

Rating

4.8/5

Reviews

1160

Episodes

533

7. Encouragementology

Encouragementology
Play

Encouragementology features weekly topics covering life's challenges with a positive spin and a new

Host

Kendall Boysen

Producer/Network

Kendell Boysen

Email

****@encouragementology.com

Rating

4.9/5

Reviews

7

Episodes

313

8. Encouragement Engineering

Encouragement Engineering
Play

A podcast that gives encouraging, positive perspectives to life's events. We combat the negativity that

Producer/Network

Bob Brumm

Email

****@bobbrummspeaks.com

Rating

5/5

Reviews

27

Episodes

1475

9. Positive Mindset Podcast

Positive Mindset Podcast
Play

The Positive Mindset Podcast is dedicated to helping you to raise your vibration, lift your perspective and

Host

Henry G Lawrence

Producer/Network

Henry Lawrence

Email

****@gmail.com

Rating

4.8/5

Reviews

425

Episodes

939

10. Alika Hope and Change

Alika Hope and Change
Play

Alika Hope and Change is a podcast featuring Alika Hope and her big brother Emille Bryant (the 'Change'). The

Producer/Network

Alika Hope

Email

****@gmail.com

Rating

5/5

Reviews

80

Episodes

244

11. 2030 Glorieuses

2030 Glorieuses
Play

Retrouvez la galaxie 2030 Glorieuses sur https://2030glorieuses.org/2030 Glorieuses, c'est le podcast qui met

Producer/Network

Julien Vidal

Episodes

164

12. Choose 2 Think

Choose 2 Think
Play

The Choose 2 Think™ Inspirational Podcast with author and Certified Christian Life Coach Victoria D. Lydon

Host

Victoria D. Lydon

Producer/Network

Victoria D. Lydon

Email

****@gmail.com

Rating

5/5

Reviews

53

Episodes

142

13. Everyday Encouragement with Beth Sargent

Everyday Encouragement with Beth Sargent
Play

Welcome to the Everyday Encouragement Podcast with Beth Sargent. In this weekly podcast, you will receive

Producer/Network

Beth Sargent

Rating

5/5

Reviews

43

Episodes

42

14. Pienso En Positivo

Pienso En Positivo
Play

Obtén una suscripción paga: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/pienso-en-positivo/subscribePIENSA EN

Producer/Network

Pienso En Positivo

Rating

5/5

Reviews

1

Episodes

153

15. Digital Optimist

Digital Optimist
Play

It is seductive to fear the future because we are biologically programmed to look for danger. This natural

Producer/Network

Scott Klososky

Rating

5/5

Reviews

11

Episodes

41

16. KD Discovery

KD Discovery
Play

One mans life discoveries, searching to learn and grow. Sharing positivity and inspiration everyday along the

Producer/Network

KD

Episodes

84

17. Greatest Day Podcast

Greatest Day Podcast
Play

The Greatest Day Podcast by Craig T. SmithWhat is the Greatest Day Mindset?The Greatest Day Mindset is a

Producer/Network

Craig Smith

Rating

5/5

Reviews

45

Episodes

99

18. Camino al Sol Radio

Camino al Sol Radio
Play

¡Un espacio para empezar tus días de manera diferente, sobre todo positiva! Cada día compartimos un

Producer/Network

Camino al Sol

Rating

5/5

Reviews

2

Episodes

249

19. Enlighten: Uplift & Inspire

Enlighten: Uplift & Inspire
Play

Dr. Deborah Adamy has conversations with everyday people who inspire, uplift and who are living their lives

Producer/Network

Dr. Deborah Adamy, PhD., LMSW, LMT

Rating

4.9/5

Reviews

44

Episodes

98

20. 'Coquenetas Positivas' con Karen 'La Coqueta'

'Coquenetas Positivas' con Karen 'La Coqueta'
Play

Siempre unas palabras positivas y de aliento ayudan y nunca están de más. Karen 'La Coqueta' te presenta

Producer/Network

Uforia Podcasts

Episodes

39

21. #TeamHumanPodcast

#TeamHumanPodcast
Play

Positivity always wins. Always. - Gary Vee. I've always believed that everyone has a calling in this life.

Producer/Network

Jeremy Tran

Episodes

14

22. positivity

positivity
Play

Life is all about gratitude

Producer/Network

Anand

Episodes

6

23. The Metanoia Project

The Metanoia Project
Play

Welcome to The Metanoia Project. Our mission is to provide people who decide to turn around their lives

Producer/Network

The Metanoia Project

Episodes

8

24. Pollyanna by Eleanor H. Porter (1868 - 1920)

Pollyanna by Eleanor H. Porter (1868 - 1920)
Play

Pollyanna tells the story of Pollyanna Whittier, a young girl who goes to live with her wealthy Aunt Polly

Producer/Network

LibriVox

Episodes

31

25. Power of Good

Power of Good
Play

A series that highlights the work of people doing great things, caring things, often life-saving things for

Producer/Network

Power Of Good

Episodes

5

26. Words of Wisdom aka W.O.W. Wednesdays

Words of Wisdom aka W.O.W. Wednesdays
Play

This is the audio version of my Youtube channel entitled TC's Words of Wisdom or 'WOW' for short.EVERY

Producer/Network

W.O.W. Wednesdays by iAMTROYCARTER

Episodes

32

27. Two Disabled Dudes

Two Disabled Dudes
Play

The 2DD podcast is about setting sights beyond the challenges in your life and dreaming big, making a plan,

Producer/Network

The Dudes

Rating

5/5

Reviews

164

Episodes

59

28. Libro Al Aire

Libro Al Aire
Play

Mi propósito es compartir mensajes y conversaciones memorables, que sean muy especiales para ti y te

Producer/Network

Lewis Acuña

Episodes

63

29. C'est possible

C'est possible
Play

It's possible to move on

Producer/Network

Dame Sabo

Episodes

1

30. Practical Positivity

Practical Positivity
Play

Practical Positivity is a weekly podcast hosted by Sophie Cliff (aka The Joyful Coach). Each week she shares

Host

Sophie Cliff

Producer/Network

Sophie Cliff

Email

****@live.com

Rating

4.9/5

Reviews

94

Episodes

97

31. MUVE Forward

MUVE Forward
Play

Are you ready to MUVE Forward in mind body and soul? Welcome to the MUVE Forward Podcast hosted by Michelle

Producer/Network

Michelle Wolfe

Rating

5/5

Reviews

12

Episodes

10

32. Porscha

Porscha
Play

MENTAFUSION:Why is it called that let's see:???? MENTA: stands for Mental state and the power of mind and how

Producer/Network

PorschaMan!a

Episodes

9

33. The Dream Catcher Podcast

The Dream Catcher Podcast
Play

The Dream Catcher is a place where you'll receive a boost of inspiration, practical advice and tools to

Host

Seline Shenoy

Producer/Network

Seline Shenoy

Email

****@gmail.com

Episodes

496

34. The Positive Head Podcast

The Positive Head Podcast
Play
Watch Video

The podcast is dedicated to spreading positivity and elevating the collective vibration.

Producer/Network

Brandon Beachum

Email

****@positivehead.com

Rating

4.8/5

Reviews

1704

Episodes

1422

35. Stay Positive Podcast

Stay Positive Podcast
Play

Being positive is up to you. You can choose how you feel. Your mind really does control your body to make the

Producer/Network

Nat Barouch

Email

****@natbarouch.com

Rating

4.8/5

Reviews

56

Episodes

755

36. Positive Philter Podcast

Positive Philter Podcast
Play

Positive Philter is a podcast about how to infuse positive thinking into everyday life. Topics range from

Producer/Network

Philip Wilkerson

Email

****@gmail.com

Rating

5/5

Reviews

97

Episodes

389

37. Happiness in Progress

Happiness in Progress
Play
Watch Video

An Emmy-award winning journalist hosts Happiness in Progress. You'll hear from some incredibly inspiring

Host

Danielle Craig

Producer/Network

Danielle Craig

Email

****@gmail.com

Rating

5/5

Reviews

174

Episodes

292

38. Happier by the Minute

Happier by the Minute
Play

A weekly 30-minute podcast to develop and practice your happiness skills. Long enough to get the information

Host

Stacey Yates Seller

Producer/Network

Stacey Yates Sellar

Email

****@happierbytheminute.com

Rating

5/5

Reviews

24

Episodes

139

39. The Quote of the Day Show

The Quote of the Day Show
Play

The Quote of The Day Show is your daily dose of inspiration, featuring the best-of-the-best speakers and

Host

Sean Croxton

Producer/Network

Sean Croxton

Email

****@undergroundwellness.com

Rating

4.8/5

Reviews

2963

Episodes

1365

40. Project Purple Podcast

Project Purple Podcast
Play

Project Purple's vision is a world without pancreatic cancer. We have two initiatives: to help pancreatic

Producer/Network

Project Purple Podcast

Email

****@projectpurple.org

Rating

5/5

Reviews

22

Episodes

354

41. Making the Breast of It

Making the Breast of It
Play

A woman in her 30's, facing a Stage IV Metastatic Breast Cancer (terminal) diagnosis, uniquely gives her

Producer/Network

Krysten Gentile, John Gentile

Email

****@makingthebreastofitpod.com

Rating

5/5

Reviews

523

Episodes

166

42. Inherently Happy

Inherently Happy
Play

Quick reminders about Balance, Growth, and the Everyday Divinity within ourselves. More or less.

Host

Geoffrey Bennett Ulrich

Producer/Network

Geoffrey Bennett Ulrich

Email

****@gmail.com

Rating

5/5

Reviews

2

Episodes

247

43. Growing Bolder

Growing Bolder
Play

Resilience and risk taking. Meaning and mission. Passion and perseverance. Growing Bolder is not just media,

Producer/Network

Central Florida Public Media

Email

****@wmfe.org

Rating

4.7/5

Reviews

30

Episodes

693

44. The Upside with Jordan

The Upside with Jordan
Play

A quick dose of good news, because it's a big world out there!

Host

Jordan Rich

Producer/Network

WBZ-AM

Email

****@chartproductions.com

Episodes

602

45. The Positive Truth

The Positive Truth
Play

The Positive Truth podcast aims to tell you about good news that is going on in our country. Stories of

Producer/Network

The Positive Truth Podcast

Email

****@gmail.com

Episodes

438

46. Optimist Daily Update

Optimist Daily Update
Play

The Optimist Daily Update with Summers McKay & Kristy Jansen - Your weekday commute update from The Optimist

Hosts

Arielle Tiangco, Karissa Garcia

Producer/Network

The Optimist Daily

Email

****@optimistdaily.com

Rating

4.6/5

Reviews

14

Episodes

386

47. Living The Sweet Life

Living The Sweet Life
Play

Discussion of how to live a grateful life full of joy by cultivating a growth mindset using daily

Producer/Network

TJ Sweet

Email

****@gmail.com

Rating

4.8/5

Reviews

18

Episodes

185

48. Good Impact

Good Impact

Die Welt ist voller guter Nachrichten und Ideen, wie es besser geht. Genau darum dreht sich dieser Podcast.

Hosts

Bianca Kriel, Anja Dilk

Producer/Network

Good News

Email

****@goodnews.eu

Episodes

60

49. Outrage + Optimism

Outrage + Optimism
Play

Face the climate crisis head on, but understand that we have the power to solve this. From former UN Chief

Hosts

Paul Dickinson, Thomas Charles Rivett-Carnac, Christiana Figueres

Producer/Network

Global Optimism

Email

****@globaloptimism.com

Rating

4.6/5

Reviews

396

Episodes

146

50. The Veterinary Optimist

The Veterinary Optimist
Play

I'm Jennifer Evans, The Veterinary Optimist. I've spent over 20 years dedicated to veterinary

Host

Jennifer Evans

Producer/Network

Jennifer Evans

Email

****@outonthelakeshore.org

Episodes

37

51. Chatter that Matters

Chatter that Matters
Play

Chatter that Matters. A show about human perseverance and the possibility that counters the storm of

Producer/Network

Tony Chapman

Email

****@tonychapmanreactions.com

Rating

5/5

Reviews

45

Episodes

128

52. Rare Enough

Rare Enough
Play

Hey everybody, my name is DJ Stewart and I'm 32 years old. I live in an RV with my wife and two dogs and

Host

DJ Stewart

Producer/Network

Head for the Cure

Email

****@headforthecure.org

Episodes

49

53. Gratitude Through Hard Times

Gratitude Through Hard Times
Play

Chris Schembra, a philosopher, question asker, and facilitator, is known as the 'Gratitude Guru' by USA

Producer/Network

Chris Schembra

Email

****@747club.org

Episodes

73

54. The Gratitude Podcast

The Gratitude Podcast
Play

Join me & thousands other Gratitude Seekers on a calming and relaxing experience learning about and

Producer/Network

Georgian Benta

Email

****@georgianbenta.com

Episodes

130

55. The Strong Life Project Podcast

The Strong Life Project Podcast
Play

Live with Strength, Tenacity, Resilience, Optimism, Nurturing & Generosity

Host

Shaun O'Gorman

Producer/Network

Shaun O'Gorman: Human Behaviour & High Performance Coach

Email

****@thestronglifeproject.com

Episodes

491

56. Beating Cancer Daily with Saranne Rothberg

Beating Cancer Daily with Saranne Rothberg
Play

'Beating Cancer Daily'' is a unique bite-sized podcast for cancer patients, survivors, caregivers, healthcare

Producer/Network

Saranne Rothberg

Email

****@comedycures.org

Episodes

456

57. Live and Laugh

Live and Laugh
Play

Welcome to Live and Laugh the podcast where we explore the power of positivity and laughter in our daily

Producer/Network

Sonya Nolan

Email

****@gmail.com

Rating

5/5

Reviews

14

Episodes

177

58. Positive Life Answers

Positive Life Answers
Play

Dr. Mary Ann V. Mercer helps you transform the quality of your life. And helps you create the life you

Host

Dr. Mary Ann Mercer

Producer/Network

Dr. Mary Ann Mercer

Email

****@positivelifeanswers.com

Episodes

129

59. Morning Affirmations

Morning Affirmations
Play

Start your day off on the right foot with Morning Affirmations Mary Graser brings you an inspiring quote and

Host

Mary Graser

Producer/Network

Mary Graser

Email

****@proton.me

Episodes

374

60. Positive Affirmations and Audio Stories

Positive Affirmations and Audio Stories
Play

We use the power of positive words,stories & affirmations to inspire you,and find ways to help you enjoy the

Producer/Network

Stefania Lintonbon

Email

****@mail.com

Rating

4.8/5

Reviews

20

Episodes

142

61. Positive Word Power

Positive Word Power
Play

Creating affirmations that work. With each episode you'll receive a new empowering affirmation and the

Host

Stephen Carter

Producer/Network

Stephen Carter

Email

****@aol.com

Rating

4.3/5

Reviews

6

Episodes

31

62. All4Ness

All4Ness
Play

El movimiento All4Ness es la plataforma de herramientas para juntos alcanzar el NESS. Pero Que es el NESS? el

Hosts

Horacio Ontiveros, Wendy Sayago

Producer/Network

All4Ness

Email

****@gmail.com

Rating

5/5

Reviews

9

Episodes

71

63. Make Your Mood

Make Your Mood
Play

S'more Outdoor Presents Make Your Mood. This show is based on the premise that spending more time

Host

Brett Traudt

Producer/Network

Brett Traudt

Email

****@smoreoutdoor.com

Rating

4.9/5

Reviews

57

Episodes

195

64. Good Mood Tuesday

Good Mood Tuesday
Play

GOOD MOOD TUESDAY is a podcast hosted by Anna and Nicole that is centered on positivity and friendship. You

Hosts

Anna VanBlaricom, Nicole Atkinson

Producer/Network

Anna and Nicole

Email

****@gmail.com

Episodes

83

65. Live on Purpose Radio

Live on Purpose Radio
Play

Live On Purpose Radio features principles of prosperity, abundance, and positive psychology to help you

Host

Dr. Paul Jenkins

Producer/Network

Dr. Paul Jenkins

Email

****@drpauljenkins.com

Rating

5/5

Reviews

76

Episodes

106

66. K-LOVE News Podcast

K-LOVE News Podcast
Play

Expanded versions of some of the positive and encouraging stories heard each day on K-LOVE

Producer/Network

K-LOVE News

Rating

4.7/5

Reviews

94

Episodes

85

67. Siempre hay flores

Siempre hay flores
Play

El arte de usar la adversidad como trampolín. Un podcast para reflexionar, cuestionarnos y ser mejores

Producer/Network

Daniela Guerrero | Genuina Media

Rating

4.7/5

Reviews

85

Episodes

161

68. School of Self-Image

School of Self-Image
Play

School of Self-Image is the go-to podcast for women who desire to transform their self-image so that they can

Host

Tonya Leigh

Producer/Network

Tonya Leigh

Email

****@tonyaleigh.com

Rating

4.8/5

Reviews

1005

Episodes

100

69. Inspiring life despite a diagnosis

Inspiring life despite a diagnosis
Play

Orangesocks.org - Every four and a half minutes a child is born or diagnosed with a condition parents never

Producer/Network

Orange Socks

Rating

5/5

Reviews

14

Episodes

4

70. Living Full Out Show

Living Full Out Show
Play

The Living Full Out with Nancy Solari radio show brings the Living Full Out philosophy to life. Listeners are

Producer/Network

Nancy Solari - Living Full Out

Rating

1.6/5

Reviews

8

Episodes

103

71. High Road to Humanity

High Road to Humanity
Play

High Road to Humanity was designed for the masses. For all people who would like to see a change in how we

Producer/Network

Nancy Yearout

Rating

4.5/5

Reviews

10

Episodes

97

72. Everyday Positivity

Everyday Positivity
Play

Everyday Positivity hosted by Kate Cocker is a daily show to help you start your day on the right

Producer/Network

Everyday Positivity

Rating

4.8/5

Reviews

162

Episodes

364

73. LOA Today - Living Our Abundance with the Law of Attraction - Your Daily Dose Of Happy

LOA Today - Living Our Abundance with the Law of Attraction - Your Daily Dose Of Happy
Play

Lots of laughs. Lots of fun. Lots of secret insights and tips. Lots of daily Q&A. When was the last time you

Producer/Network

Walt Thiessen

Rating

4.8/5

Reviews

87

Episodes

169

74. Warrior Confidence Unleashed with Master Rich Grogan

Warrior Confidence Unleashed with Master Rich Grogan
Play

Welcome to 'Warrior Confidence Unleashed: Igniting The Warrior Spirit in the hearts of athletes & leaders'

Producer/Network

Master Coach Rich Grogan

Rating

4.8/5

Reviews

30

Episodes

73

75. An(ge)dacht

An(ge)dacht
Play

An(ge)dacht eine Portion Optimismus zum Start in den Tag. Das Wort zum Tag gibt es täglich bei MDR

Producer/Network

Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk

Episodes

326

76. Be The Good

Be The Good
Play

Host Christy McCaffrey is on a mission to shed light on all the good that is being done in our world right

Producer/Network

Christy McCaffrey

Rating

5/5

Reviews

45

Episodes

120

77. Positively 365: Inspire, Motivate, Support

Positively 365: Inspire, Motivate, Support
Play

Positively 365 is a podcast to bring more positivity to your life. Join Joseph Wadas as he brings hope,

Producer/Network

Joseph Wadas

Rating

4.8/5

Reviews

74

Episodes

156

78. I'M NOT CRAZY + NEITHER ARE YOU!

I'M NOT CRAZY + NEITHER ARE YOU!
Play

This podcast is meant to encourage expansion into the quantum field of unlimited potential, as I share from

Producer/Network

Dawn Bramadat

Episodes

54

79. The Positive Golf Mindset

The Positive Golf Mindset
Play

Your journey to playing better golf and achieving your full potential starts here. Cultivating the right

Host

Matthew Stilwell

Producer/Network

Matthew Stilwell

Email

****@gmail.com

Episodes

33

80. ??? ???????

??? ???????
Play

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

Producer/Network

????

Episodes

39

81. ?????

?????
Play

???????????sir???????

Producer/Network

??????

Episodes

56

82. Love What Matters

Love What Matters
Play

Love What Matters exists to spread real stories by real people far and wide, to celebrate the love, kindness

Host

Tracey Ferrin

Producer/Network

Love What Matters

Email

****@traceyferrin.com

Episodes

43

83. ?????????? - ???????, ?? ??? ???? ????

?????????? - ???????, ?? ??? ???? ????
Play

??? ????? ???? ???? ??????, ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???! ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????????, ???????,

Producer/Network

Adi Maor Siso - ??? ???? ????

Episodes

58

84. Trust Your Hustle with Anthony Trucks

Trust Your Hustle with Anthony Trucks
Play

Anthony Trucks is a former foster kid turned NFL athlete and serial entrepreneur. Anthony is a best selling

Producer/Network

Life stories, lessons, and interviews with people sharing their insight on how to go from surviving to THRIV3ING

Episodes

5

85. The Continual Growth Podcast

The Continual Growth Podcast
Play

Welcome to The Continual Growth Podcast, a platform where we aim to break down what 'growing through what

Producer/Network

Continual Growth

Episodes

55

86. The New Thought Guy

The New Thought Guy
Play

Welcome to The New Thought Guy, where amazing things happen, because you are amazing. You are the Power,

Producer/Network

Rev. Dr. Jay Willick D.D.

Episodes

58

87. The Practical Positivity Podcast

The Practical Positivity Podcast
Play

We treat often treat our problems with bandaids when they actually need surgery. Let's talk about the real

Producer/Network

The Practical Positivity Podca

Episodes

3

88. THE HUMAN:NOW

THE HUMAN:NOW
Play

Looking for that dose of positivity to lift your mood? Life doesn't always have to be all draining and

Producer/Network

THE HUMAN:NOW

Email

****@thehumannow.co.nz

Episodes

57

89. A Year Full Of Gratitude

A Year Full Of Gratitude

A Year Full Of Gratitude: How to turn your inner critic into your biggest cheerleader. A companion podcast to

Producer/Network

Clare Josa | Author | Speaker | Mentor to Passionate World Changers

Episodes

43

90. The Better Human Lab

The Better Human Lab
Play

I love Life and Human. I love feeling good and make you feel good with me . To better human we aim :-)

Producer/Network

SaraPureGold

Episodes

5

91. Sumando Positivos

Sumando Positivos
Play

Podcast by Marisel Salazar & Esther Quintero

Producer/Network

Marisel Salazar & Esther Quintero

Episodes

9

92. Triunfa o Muere

Triunfa o Muere
Play

La vida está para vivirla, y nosotros decidimos de qué manera vamos a hacerlo. Existen dos opciones:

Producer/Network

Triunfa o Muere

Episodes

4

93. Daily Dose of Happiness - The Podcast

Daily Dose of Happiness - The Podcast
Play

Join me on a journey of daily Inspirations to help you live your happiest life. I will be sharing a video a

Producer/Network

tammygodsall

Rating

5/5

Reviews

1

Episodes

15

94. Joy

Joy
Play

'For here. I hope, begins our lasting joy' - William Shakespeare. A Midsummer Night's Dream. The happiest

Producer/Network

Rosie Terry Toogood and David Robinson

Episodes

8